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Te pānga o te reo Māori ki te Reo Pākehā o Aotearoa

Nō Wikipedia Māori
He kiwi kei runga i tētahi tā New Zealand nō te tau 1898. Ko taua manu, he tohu ā-motu nō Aotearoa, e ahu mai ana tōna ingoa i te reo Māori.

I te rau tau 19, i riro i te Reo Pākehā o Aotearoa he maha ngā kupu nama nō te reo Māori.[1] Kua piki haere te whakamahinga o ngā kupu Māori i roto i te Reo Pākehā mai i ngā tau 1990, ā, kua tīmata ngā whakaputanga reo Pākehā ki te whakamahi i ngā tohutō roa (macron) hei tohu i ngā oro roa.[2][3] Kāore i te nuinga o ngā wā e kōwhaiwhaihia ana ngā kupu Māori i roto i te Reo Pākehā, ā, e whai ana te nuinga o ngā whakaputanga i te tikanga reo Māori mō te kupu kotahi mō te maha (hei tauira: kotahi kākāpō, toru kākāpō).[4][5][6][7]

Ngā otaota me ngā kararehe

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He maha ngā otaota me ngā kararehe taketake e mau tonu ana i ō rātou ingoa Māori i roto i te Reo Pākehā o Aotearoa. Ānei ētahi tauira:

Ētahi atu kupu

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E whakamahia nuitia ana ētahi atu kupu me ngā rerenga kōrero ahakoa e whai ana ngā kōwhiringa Pākehā; he nui ake te whakamahinga mēnā he tikanga motuhake ā rātou i roto i te ahurea Māori, pērā i kaumātua, iwi, me karakia.[8]

Kia ora he kupu whakatau mai Māori, arā "nau mai" rānei. Ka taea hoki te kī hei "ngā mihi" me te tohu whakaae ki tētahi kōrero i te hui. He whānui hoki te whakamahinga o ngā mihi Māori pērā i tēnā koe (ki tētahi), tēnā kōrua (ki ngā tāngata e rua), tēnā koutou (ki ngā tāngata e toru, e neke atu rānei), me ngā poroporoaki pērā i haere rā.

Ko te rerenga Māori kia kaha he mea kitea auau hei tohu tautoko ā-hinengaro mō tētahi e timata ana i tētahi mahi taumaha, i tētahi āhuatanga uaua rānei. Ahakoa i whakamahia whānuitia i mua, i riro tēnei rerenga hei kupu tohu tautoko i muri i te rū whenua o Canterbury i te tau 2010.

Kua whanake ētahi kupu huānga, he wāhanga Pākehā, he wāhanga Māori; ko half-pai (nui noa iho ka tuhia hei half-pie) tērā e kī ana he mea kore oti, he kounga kāore i te pai, nō te kupu Māori pai te tikanga "pai". (Ka whakamahia hoki te āhua portmanteau half-pied, i ahu mai i te "half-baked".) Waihoki, ka whakamahia ētahi wā te whakakapi kupu Māori -tanga, he tikanga pērā i te whakakapi Pākehā -ness, i roto i ngā kupu pērā i kiwitanga (arā, te āhua o te noho hei tangata o Aotearoa).[9]

He maha ngā kupu Pākehā e hono tata ana ki Aotearoa nō te takenga Māori, pērā i haka, Pākehā, Aotearoa, kiwi, me te kupu Māori anō.[10][11][12][13]

Te whakamahinga

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Ko ngā kaikorero Māori o te Reo Pākehā o Aotearoa e whakamahi ana i ngā kupu nama Māori i te nuinga atu i ngā kāore he Māori; ā, ko ngā wāhine Māori e whakamahi ana i ēnei kupu i te nuinga atu i ngā tāne Māori; kāore he pānga ira tāne/wahine i kitea i waenga i ngā kāore he Māori e kōrero ana i te Reo Pākehā.[14] Ka whakamahia ngā kupu nama Māori e ngā kaikorero Māori i te nui ake mēnā he Māori anake te hunga whakarongo, i te iti iho mēnā he hunga whakarongo kāore he Māori.[15]

He wā ka tohu te kōwhiringa ki te whakamahi i ēnei kupu i tētahi whakaaturanga tuakiri ā-hapori, ā-tōrangapū hoki o te kaikorero, ā, ka taea hoki te kōwhiri kia kaua e whakamahia tētahi kupu Māori ahakoa e wātea ana. Ahakoa e hono ana te whakamahinga o ngā kupu Māori i roto i te reo Pākehā ki te tautoko o te kaikorero mō te reo, ētahi tautoko kāore he Māori ka kōwhiri kia kaua e whakamahi i ngā kupu Māori i te mea e āwangawanga ana rātou kāore ēnei kupu e "noa" ki a rātou.[16] He nui ake te tūpono ka whakamahi ngā kaikorero NZE rangatahi i ngā kupu Māori e tohu ana i ngā āhuatanga ahurea kāore i te āhua rawa, pērā i tapu, kōrero, me kaitiakitanga ("kaitiakitanga").[17]

Whakahua

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Ko te whakahua o ngā kupu nama Māori (ina koa ngā ingoa) i te wā e kōrero ana i te reo Pākehā, arā, te taumata e whakakotahitia ai ngā kupu ki te oro o te NZE, e kitea whānuitia ana i Aotearoa hei tohu ā-hapori mō ngā whakaaro o te kaikorero ki te reo Māori me ōna tāngata. I kī tētahi kaituhi kōrero i te maheni:

Ko te āhua e kōwhiria ana e tētahi Pākehā ki te whakahua i te kupu "Māori" e tohu tika ana i tō rātou tūnga i runga i te āputa PC. E 11 ngā rerekētanga pea, mai i te "may-o-ree" i tētahi pito, tae atu ki te "mow-rri" a Kim Hill i tētahi atu. Ko te mea nui, me pēhea te whanui o tōu "a" me mēnā ka hurihia tō "r". He mea iti ēnei, engari ka taea e rātou te wehe i te tangata hei tangata tawhito pōrangi, me te tangata ka whiwhi mahi i tētahi polytech.[18]

I tētahi uiui i te tau 2018, i kī te kaiwhakahaere-ā-tākaro Māori a Taika Waititi i Aotearoa he "racist as fuck", arā, he tino whakatoihara rawa, nā te mea "ka kore rawa ngā tāngata e whakaae ki te whakahua tika i ngā ingoa Māori". I puta mai ngā whakahē nui i ngā pāpāho o Aotearoa i muri i āna kōrero.[19]

I waenga i te iwi Māori, ko te whakamahi i ngā whakahua Māori (kāore i whakakotahitia) e whakaatu ana i te taumata o te whakauru o te tangata ki te hapori Māori.[20] I waenga i ngā kāore he Māori, ko ngā tautoko o te reo e kite ana i ngā whakahua Māori hei tohu o taua tautoko, engari he maha kāore rātou e whakamahi i aua whakahua i te mea e āwangawanga ana rātou ka hē rānei kāore e mārama.[21] Ko te kaupapa here a te kaiwhakapāho ratonga tūmatanui, Radio New Zealand, ko te whakahua i ngā kupu Māori i roto i te reo Pākehā kia rite tonu ki te whakahua i roto i te reo Māori.[22]

Ngā Tohutoro

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  1. ↑ Andersen, Johannes C. (1946). "Maori words incorporated into the English language". Journal of the Polynesian Society 55 (2): 141–162.
  2. ↑ Roy, Eleanor Ainge (2018-07-28). "'Māori has gone mainstream': the resurgence of New Zealand's te reo language". The Guardian (in Ingarihi Piritene). ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  3. ↑ Lines-MacKenzie, Jo (13 September 2018). "The use of Māori language accelerating in newspapers". Stuff (in Ingarihi). Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  4. ↑ Roy, Eleanor Ainge (2018-07-28). "'Māori has gone mainstream': the resurgence of New Zealand's te reo language". The Guardian (in Ingarihi Piritene). ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  5. ↑ Roy, Eleanor Ainge (2018-07-28). "'Māori has gone mainstream': the resurgence of New Zealand's te reo language". The Guardian (in Ingarihi Piritene). ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  6. ↑ Lines-MacKenzie, Jo (13 September 2018). "The use of Māori language accelerating in newspapers". Stuff (in Ingarihi). Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  7. ↑ Green, David (30 November 2018). "Guide to style". NZHistory, New Zealand history online. Retrieved 2020-05-12. Do not italicise Maori words.
  8. ↑ "Modelling loanword success – a sociolinguistic quantitative study of Māori loanwords in New Zealand English" (2020). Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 16 (1): 29-66. doi:10.1515/cllt-2017-0010.
  9. ↑ {{cite news}}: Empty citation (help)
  10. ↑ "Definition of haka in English". British & World English. Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2017. haka NOUN: A Maori ceremonial war dance involving chanting, an imitation of which is performed by New Zealand rugby teams before a match. ... Origin: Maori.
  11. ↑ "Definition of Maori in English". British & World English. Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2017. Maori NOUN: 1 – A member of the aboriginal people of New Zealand. ... 2 – mass noun The Polynesian language of the Maoris, with about 100,000 speakers. ... ADJECTIVE – Relating to the Maoris or their language. ... Origin: The name in Maori.
  12. ↑ "Definition of Aotearoa in English". British & World English. Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2017. Aotearoa PROPER NOUN: Maori name for New Zealand ... Origin: Maori, literally 'land of the long white cloud'.
  13. ↑ "Definition of Pakeha in English". British & World English. Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2017. Pakeha NOUN: NZ – A white New Zealander as opposed to a Maori. as modifier 'Pakeha influences'... Origin: Maori.
  14. ↑ "Modelling loanword success – a sociolinguistic quantitative study of Māori loanwords in New Zealand English" (2020). Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 16 (1): 29-66. doi:10.1515/cllt-2017-0010.
  15. ↑ "Modelling loanword success – a sociolinguistic quantitative study of Māori loanwords in New Zealand English" (2020). Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 16 (1): 29-66. doi:10.1515/cllt-2017-0010.
  16. ↑ de Bres, Julia (2010). "Attitudes of non-Māori New Zealanders towards the use of Māori in New Zealand English". New Zealand English Journal (24): 2–14.
  17. ↑ de Bres, Julia (2010). "Attitudes of non-Māori New Zealanders towards the use of Māori in New Zealand English". New Zealand English Journal (24): 2–14.
  18. ↑ de Bres, Julia (2010). "Attitudes of non-Māori New Zealanders towards the use of Māori in New Zealand English". New Zealand English Journal (24): 2–14.
  19. ↑ May, Stephen (2023). "New Zealand is "racist as f**k": Linguistic racism and te reo Māori". Ethnicities 23 (5): 662–679. doi:10.1177/14687968231192037.
  20. ↑ de Bres, Julia (2010). "Attitudes of non-Māori New Zealanders towards the use of Māori in New Zealand English". New Zealand English Journal (24): 2–14.
  21. ↑ de Bres, Julia (2010). "Attitudes of non-Māori New Zealanders towards the use of Māori in New Zealand English". New Zealand English Journal (24): 2–14.
  22. ↑ Humphrey, Hewitt (2 August 2015). "Te Reo Māori - why we say it like that". RNZ. Retrieved 25 January 2026.
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